We use the Vatican's own recipe to re-create the black and white smoke used during the Papal Conclave. The cardinals elected a former chemist as Pope - Pope Francis! Black Smoke = No Pope White Smoke = Pope This video features Dr Darren Walsh. Thanks also to Neil Barnes and Samantha Tang. Correction: at 4:05 it should be "when LACTOSE combines" More chemistry at http://www.periodicvideos.com/ Follow us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/periodicvideos And on Twitter at http://twitter.com/periodicvideos From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/chemistry/index.aspx Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: http://www.bradyharan.com/ Brady's other channels include: http://www.youtube.com/sixtysymbols (Physics and astronomy) http://www.youtube.com/numberphile (Numbers and maths) http://www.youtube.com/DeepSkyVideos (Space stuff) http://www.youtube.com/nottinghamscience (Science and behind the scenes) http://www.youtube.com/foodskey (Food science) http://www.youtube.com/BackstageScience (Big science facilities) http://www.youtube.com/favscientist (Favourite scientists) http://www.youtube.com/bibledex (Academic look at the Bible) http://www.youtube.com/wordsoftheworld (Modern language and culture) http://www.youtube.com/PhilosophyFile (Philosophy stuff) http://www.youtube.com/PsyFile (Psychology stuff) Thanks to Turner Violins for giving us a good deal on the resin!!